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Question: Dr. Vaknin – is it true that you are the father of the Law of Free Economic Zones? Answer: I participated in the dedicated and professional team, from many ministries and state organs, which prepared the law. The initiative – in collaboration with the delegation of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) – belongs to Dr. Milijana Danevska, the Minister of Development. Most of the work was done by her advisor, Ms. Zorica Doncevska long before I arrived on the scene. I did suggest a few amendments, some of which were accepted. Question: What is a free zone? Answer: There is an important distinction which the media is not aware of between FREE ZONES and FREE ZONE SITES. To quote from the law: "A free zone site represents a detached, enclosed and marked area of the territory of the Republic of Macedonia on which commercial activities are conducted under conditions prescribed by this and other laws and on which custom and other tax incentives determined by this law shall be applicable." "A Free Zone shall be established as trade associations conducting economic, technical, administrative, expert and other activities supporting the operations in the free zone sites." Question: Do other countries have free zones? Answer: Dozens of other countries have free trade zones, free industrial zones, free industrial or technology parks, customs free zones, free transhipment zones and many other types of free economic zones. Our law allows for all these types of activities to exist. It is very broad and flexible and one of the best and most complete laws I have seen. As opposed to popular opinion, free zones exist even in rich countries such as the United Kingdom or the USA (although they are not called "free zones" there). It is true, though, that to poor and middle income countries, such as Macedonia, a free zone can be an important tool for economic development. Question: Why do you use such cautious language, "can be"? Answer: Because it is never enough to have a law. What matters is how it is implemented. There are free zones in countries as diverse as the Philippines, Tunisia, Costa Rica and Taiwan. In some places they are the engine of the economic locomotive, in other they are a drag on the local economy. Question: So, the critics are right, free zones can be a bad thing? Answer: The critics are wrong. Anything that has the potential of generating investments, encouraging entrepreneurship, creating new working places, enhancing exports and improving the balance of payments – should be implemented without delay. Free zones are potentially powerful economic engines of exports and growth and employment. Would it have been wise of us to ignore their potential? Question: Can't free zones be used as tax havens, for smuggling or other criminal activities? Answer: If the free zones are run by criminals AND (this is a cumulative condition) the authorities are inefficient or corrupt – of course it can. But our law is very strict on WHO will own and run the free zones. It is also very explicit about the precise functions and procedures to be performed by the authorities intended to ensure that the free zones are not abused. Free zones will be established only where and when they can increase employment, bring new technology and know how to the country and increase exports. An average of 65% of the goods and services produced in the zones MUST be exported or the developer might lose its licence. Additionally the law says that the businesses operating in the zone must use local manpower and prefer domestic suppliers where economically feasible. Question: What is the Free Zones Directorate? Answer: This is my favourite part of the law, the one I am most proud of. We introduced, for the first time in Macedonia, not only in theory, but in practice, the concept of "One Stop Shop". All the business entities in the free zone will have one address to go to. They will no longer have to run for weeks between ministries, authorities, agencies and state organs. They will get everything they need from one central authority, from one address. All the relevant ministries and state organs will be represented there, with full authority to render all the services required by the free zones users. This is unprecedented. The ministers are worthy of the highest praise for being willing to participate in such an innovative approach. The law says: "The Free Zone Directorate shall be responsible for… granting approvals of requests of developers for the establishment of free zones; provision of supervision and management of free zone sites through its branches; coordination of the activities of state organs and authorities and public enterprises within the free zone sites; planning and developing free zone sites and making sites available to developers; public relations, advertising and promotion of free zone sites; attracting developers and users to the free zone sites; registration of businesses and structures within the free zone sites; coordination of issuance of licenses, permits and approvals where and as needed, of product quality control and the issuance of certificates of origin by the members of the Directorate; Inspection of installations and working conditions within the free zone sites; convening a labour relations committee in which all labour disputes between employees and employers in the free zone sites are to be settled; the coordination of the issuance of export and import licenses; coordination of the prevention of smuggling; coordination of the safety and security of people and property in the free zones sites; Provision and maintenance of all public goods and utilities … conducting other activities associated with the functioning of free zone sites and especially the implementation of the "one stop shop" concept of management of the free zone sites; raising the required start-up capital." Question: So, from now on, any trade association can open a free zone? Answer: Absolutely not. The developer must satisfy very strict and rigorous criteria to qualify. The law demands that it "…provide written proof of their financial ability matching their financial obligations under this Law either in the form of a performance bond or a bank document substantiating the availability of unencumbered funds in their account or audited financial statements" and "demonstrate previous experience and track record in trading or in the operating of free zone sites". The developers, in their application, must provide an environmental impact assessment, a marketing plan and a business plan or a feasibility study. And the developer loses his approval if it enters bankruptcy procedures, if it is proven that he provided false material information in his request, If he failed to build and operate the free zone site in accordance with the stipulations of this Law or failed to submit one annual report. Additionally, the developer pays 0.3% of the total turnover of the business entities in his zones. I think these are relatively reasonable terms. It will also not be that easy for the developer to do in the zone something other than what he undertook to do. Almost every substantial change requires a new approval. The law states: "Each change of a free zone shall be subject to the procedure for the establishment of a free zone … "Change" in this law shall mean: enlargement of the approved free zone site area; change in location of the free zone site; new activities are to be conducted in the approved free zone; each change in the composition of the developers (addition of new developer, change of corporate structure, take over, merger, acquisition, etc.) of the free zone; change of the period for existence of the free zone. Question: Still, inside the zone – the developer is king. Actually, it is a kind of ex-territorial area, like an embassy? Answer: I want to say it once and for all (because I heard this argument before): A free zone is NOT an ex-territorial area. It is an integral and inseparable part of Macedonia. All the domestic laws of Macedonia apply there. It simply has different rates of customs and taxes. The over-riding status of the Macedonian domestic law is stated numerous times throughout the law. One example: Article 20 says: "Free zone developers shall enact rules or pose conditions (hereunder referred to as "developer rules") under which their free zone site will be operated and activities conducted, regulate internal order and prescribe separate measures for protection of the working and living conditions and the environment. BUT… The developer rules shall not contradict all the applicable laws of the Republic of Macedonia, including their by-laws and regulations and all the international obligations of the Republic of Macedonia…. AND The developer rules shall be announced in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia after the approval given by the Free zone Directorate." Question: Aren't we offering too much by way of tax incentives? Aren't the revenues lost by the state worth more than the free zone will ever generate? Answer: It is a very narrow point of view. Tax revenues are not the only thing we should consider. What about unemployment, technology transfers, export enhancement? These are invaluable in that they can revive the economy. Compared to other free zones in other countries, we are offering mid-way concessions. We are by no means too generous. Additionally, to qualify to receive the tax incentives, the user must satisfy certain annual export quotas. It must prove that it generated NEW activities, not merely transferred activities from "mainland" Macedonia to the free zone "island". It must show that it is not involved in criminal activities or bankruptcy procedures and so on. Only then is it eligible to enjoy the tax incentives. Question: Which are? Answer: The law says it best: "Free zone users meeting the terms as in article 21 of this law shall be exempted from: Sales tax on products within the free zone site except for those products sold for final consumption within the free zone; Sales tax and VAT on goods imported into the free zone site for production purposes and for performing other approved activities in the free zone; Sales tax on services provided in the free zone immediately linked with export of goods and services; Profit tax for a period of ten (10) years from the day of commencement of activities in the free zone; Property tax for a period of ten (10) years from the day of commencement of activities in the free zone; All taxes otherwise applicable to any transfer of property or rights thereof between developers and users within the free zone. Free zone users reinvesting in the capital assets of the free zone site shall be entitled to a reduced profit tax base for the amounts invested after the expiration of the 10-year period. Free zone users shall be exempted from paying participations (contributions), taxes and other duties pertaining to use of land for construction, connection to the water supply, sewerage, heating, gas and power supply networks. Free zone land may be leased to foreign investors for a period of fifty (50) years, with a possibility to extend the term to another twenty-five (25) years, pursuant to the law. The developers of the free zone shall have the full right to sublet or rent parts of the free zones or structures thereon or rights thereof to the users." Question: Are the economic activities within the free zone restricted? Answer: Every type of economic activity is allowed EXCEPT the activities explicitly forbidden by the law. These include: the trading of decayed, rotten, expired or infected goods or waste material detrimental to the environment or not fit for human or animal consumption; radioactive materials except those which are needed for industrial, medical and scientific research purposes under a valid license from the competent authorities; drugs, chemicals and biological materials and chemical and biochemical derivatives with the exception of those used in industrial, manufacturing, medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations, according to certificates issued by the Ministry of Health; arms, munitions, weapons and military explosives; goods or services which originate from countries or firms subject to boycotts, embargoes or blockades imposed by the competent national and international organs and authorities; goods or services that violate public morals, public defence, public safety and the security of the state; goods or services that violate the domestic laws and international treaties pertaining to intellectual and commercial property; practices, services and activities in contravention or violation of treaties, laws, regulations and directives regarding the protection of the environment in Macedonia. Free zone users may apply standards, technical and quality norms of the destination country when manufacturing goods in the free zone intended for export. Free zone users may set prices for their goods and services and will not be subject to laws and regulations pertaining to prices in the Republic of Macedonia. Question: Will workers' rights be protected in such an environment? Answer: Workers' rights are protected only by a good economy. In Macedonia, we have a lot of theoretical workers' rights. But the right to work is violated by mass unemployment and by gigantic wage and pension arrears. All the employers in the free zone shall sign a collective agreement with their employees. The collective agreement will oblige the employers and the employees to settle labour dispute through arbitration or mediation. The Directorate shall set up a labour relations committee to provide the employers and the employees with an arbitration and mediation mechanism. Question: Thank you very much. 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A study in the Annals of Internal Medicine shows that lack of physical fitness is a major cause of impotence. Dr. Eric Rimm of the Harvard School of Public Health showed that men who run for three or more hours per week, or play tennis five hours a week, have a 30 percent lower risk for impotence. In previous studies, Dr. Rimm reported that having a large waist, not drinking any alcohol or drinking too much alcohol also increase risk for impotence. Risk factors for impotence are the same as those for heart attacks. The most common cause of impotence is a having a poor blood supply to the penis. Therefore anything that blocks blood flow to the penis increases risk for impotence and anything that increases blood flow to the penis helps prevent impotence. Dr. Rimm presented his studies on alcohol previously at the annual meeting of the American Urological Association. He showed that men who have one or two drinks a day have lower cholesterol, and better blood flow to the penis, than those who don't drink at all, or those who drink to extreme. So taking one or two drinks a day helps prevent impotence. On the other hand, taking more than two drinks a day increases risk for impotence. Overweight people and sedentary people often have high cholesterols and are at increased risk for heart attacks and therefore they are at increased risk for impotence. Men with waistlines of 42 inches or more were twice as likely to be impotent as men with 32-inch waistlines. Men with beer bellies are at high risk for diabetes, which blocks blood flow to both the heart and penis. Therefore men with beer bellies should be treated as diabetics and avoid refined carbohydrates in flour and sugar-added foods. If you are impotent, go to your doctor and get tests to measure your cholesterol, HBA1C to see if you are diabetic, a blood test for testosterone, and a prolactin to see if you have a brain tumor. If your cholesterol is high, or you have diabetes you should be on a heart attack prevention program that will also help you to regain your potency. If all of the tests are normal, you should still be on a heart attack-prevention program because the odds are overwhelming that anything that helps prevent heart attacks will also help prevent and treat impotence. Go on a diet that is based on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, seeds and nuts; reduce your intake of meat, chicken, and whole milk diary products. Avoid smoking and being overweight. Reduce your intake of bakery products and added sugars. Start an exercise program. The message is that the more vigorous your exercise program, the less likely you are to be impotent. Now that the information is out, women will be even more likely to seek out men who are fit. penile enlargment pump pnis enlargement photo magna rx ingredients free exercise tip for penile enlargment penis enlargement pump natural penis enlagement exercise cheap vig rx truth about penis enlagement pills penis enlarement cream
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Dog Diseases number in the scores, just as in humans. But, veterinarians tend to see some much more than others. Sadly, a great deal of grief could be avoided if more dog owners were careful to see that their pets are immunized regularly against preventable dog diseases. While experts, as usual, may differ, what are the top ten dog diseases? Here's a list (not necessarily in order of seriousness) with a brief explanation of each disease: Distemper: Of all the dog diseases, the American Veterinary Medical Association considers the distemper virus to be the worst canine disease threat to dogs world wide. Distemper is fatal in 80% of puppies and 50% of adults. All dogs are extremely vulnerable, and should be vaccinated, with subsequent boosters in keeping the recommendation of a Veterinarian. Parvovirus (Parvo): Parvovirus is a worldwide dog disease. It is extremely contagious, especially among puppies, and can overwhelm a dog leading to death within 48 to 72 hours after exposure. Symptoms include depression, loss of appetite, vomiting and severe diarrhea. Parvo vaccination is essential with booster shots as recommended. Rabies: Rabies is a virus and becomes fatal when symptoms appear. Because rabies can be fatal to humans and other mammals, state and local laws uniformly require rabies vaccination, many mandating booster shots yearly. Kennel Cough: This is a respiratory disease especially prevalent in kennels and shelters. There are a variety of virus strains, including Bortadella. Symptoms can include a dry hacking cough along with inflammation of the larynx, bronchial tubes and trachea. Vaccination, as often as every six months is recommended. Leptospirosis: Symptoms of Leptospirosis include lethargy, kidney inflammation, low-grade fever, vomiting, reddening of the mucous membranes and conjunctiva, and blood clotting abnormalities. Since it is a bacterial disease, also found in humans, it is treated with antibiotics. Veterinarians are often reluctant to innoculate against this dog disease, since there is questionable effectiveness, and puppies can have adverse reactions. Infectious canine hepatitis: While this dog disease often manifests itself with mild symptoms such as a slight fever or slight lethargy, it can, in some instances become fatal. Recovery is usually rapid. Vaccination is recommended. Lyme Disease: Symptoms of Lyme Disease in dogs will include lethargy, joint pain, lack of appetite, lymph node enlargement, and fever. Lyme Disease is bacterial and is spread by ticks. Treatment is with tetracycline, an antibiotic. The available vaccine is not generally recommended. Coronavirus: Diarrhea and vomiting are symptomatic of this dog disease so it can be confused with parvovirus. Other indications are loss of appetite, smelly diarrhea, lethargy and dehydration. Replacement of lost fluids and control of vomiting and diarrhea are the recommended treatments. A vaccine is not generally recommended. Obesity: Just as in humans, this dog disease is a serious medical problem. Frequently, obese humans own obese dogs. Obviously, limiting food intake, withholding human food and enough exercise will contribute to a dogs longer life. Heartworm: Heartworms are parasites that grow and multiply, infesting the chambers in the heart, arteries in the lungs. Symptoms appear gradually, usually manifested in easy tiring, lethargy and a soft cough. If not treated, it eventually brings on death by congestive heart failure in a once active animal. Prevention with products such as HartGard is recommended. Your veterinarian should give you a certificate showing your pet's immunization against the common dog diseases. Ask for a wallet sized card which you can carry with you. pennis enlargement cream penis elargement picture plastic surgery penile enlargment penis elargement review compare penis enhancement pills penis enlargement picture vigrx pic manual penile enlargement exercise penis enlarement cream
What is Sore Throat? Almost everyone gets a sore throat at one time or another. Children tend to have them more often than adolescents or adults. Sore throats are most common during the winter months when upper respiratory infections (colds) are more frequent. Sore throat (pharyngitis) is a painful inflammation of the pharynx, which is the part of the throat that lies between the mouth and the larynx (voice box). Sore throat is often a symptom of various illnesses such as colds and flu, glandular fever, respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, and chickenpox. While most sore throats heal without complications, in some cases, they develop into a serious illness. Causes of Sore Throat The major cause of sore throat is infection. Sore throat may be caused by either viral or bacterial infections. But it can also be caused by allergies and environmental conditions. Viral Sore Throat Approximately 90% of sore throats are caused by viral infections. There is no simple way to distinguish a viral sore throat from a bacterial sore throat. Viral sore throats are quite contagious. They can be spread by personal contact and by coughing or sneezing. Cold and flu viruses are the main culprits. When a stuffy-runny nose, sneezing, and generalized aches and pains accompany the sore throat, it is probably caused by virus. For a viral infection, no antibiotic is usually needed and the infection can be expected to run a four to six day course. Another group of viruses that cause sore throat are the adenoviruses. The adenoviruses usually cause infections of the lungs and ears. Adenoviruses may cause white bumps on the tonsils and throat, diarrhea, vomiting, and a rash. Sore throat caused by adenoviruse lasts about a week. One particular virus responsible for causing sore throat is the coxsackie virus. This virus causes a disease known as herpangina, which occurs most commonly among children under the age of ten and is most common during the summer. It is sometimes called summer sore throat. Summer sore throat can be quite severe. Symptoms include a high fever and the presence of tiny grayish-white blisters on the throat and mouth. The blisters erupt in a few days and are followed by a scab which may be very painful. Mononucleosis (mono) is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a member of the herpesvirus group. This virus lodges in the lymph system, causing massive enlargement of the tonsils and swollen glands in the neck, armpits and groin. Mono can affect the liver, leading to jaundice (yellow skin and eyes). One of the main signs of mono is a sore throat that may last for 1 to 4 weeks. Mono is a severe illness in a teenager or young adult, but it is less severe in a child. Symptoms caused by mononucleosis can last for 4 weeks or more. Bacterial Sore Throat About 10% of all sore throats are caused by bacteria. The most common bacterial sore throat is caused by a bacterium called group A Streptococcus. This type of sore throat is called strep throat. The pain of strep throat often feels much like sore throats caused by other bacteria or by viruses. The tonsils often swell and become coated and the throat is sore. The patient may have a high temperature, sour breath and may feel quite ill. If strep throat isn't treated it can sometimes result in rheumatic fever, which can damage the valves of the heart. The most dangerous throat infection is epiglottitis, caused by bacteria that infect a portion of the larynx (voice box) and cause swelling that closes the airway. This infection is an emergency condition that requires prompt medical attention. Suspect it when swallowing is extremely painful (causing drooling), when speech is muffled and when breathing becomes difficult. Noninfectious Sore Throat Not all sore throats result from viral or bacterial infections. Sore throats can also be caused by allergies and environmental irritation. These forms of sore throat are not contagious. Allergy: The same pet dander, molds and pollens that trigger allergic reactions such as red, swollen eyes and a runny nose can also cause a sore throat. Cat and dog danders and house dust are common causes of sore throats for people with allergies to them. Irritation: Many materials in the environment can also irritate the pharynx. Such irritants include cigarette smoke, polluted air, chemical fumes, and dry air. During the cold winter months, dry heat may create a recurring, mild sore throat with a parched feeling, especially in the mornings. Symptoms of Sore Throat The symptoms for a sore throat caused by both bacterial and viral causes are the same: pain in the throat pain and difficulty in swallowing red throat swollen tonsils coated tonsils swollen neck glands pus covering the throat or white spots coughing fever If the sore throat is due to a viral infection the symptoms are usually milder. Sore Throat Treatment The treatment of sore throat will vary according to the cause. Sore throats are usually mild and can be treated at home with over-the-counter remedies available from your local pharmacy. They usually get better on their own, in 3-7 days. It is extra rare for antibiotics to be needed. This is only the case when the sore throat is the result of a serious bacterial infection. Sore throat treatment and comfort measures: Strep throat requires antibiotics. Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether the cause is viral or bacterial, so antibiotics may be prescribed as a precaution. Pain relievers - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen) are often more effective pain relievers than acetaminophen (Tylenol). These medications reduce pain and fever that accompany a sore throat. Children should not be given aspirin because of the risk of Reye's syndrome. Salt water gargle can be a good way to relieve a sore throat. It help soothe the irritated throat and reduces swelling in the tissues. This is the safest, least expensive and probably the most effective treatment of a sore throat. Use over-the-counter throat lozenges every couple of hours or hard candy. It can help relieve sore throat and cough. It does stimulate saliva production, which bathes and cleanses your throat. Drinking enough fluids is very important, warm drinks may be especially soothing. Avoid caffeine because it can cause water loss. Get plenty of rest. Getting extra sleep can promote more rapid recovery, especially if a virus is the cause. Avoid smoking or being around smoke and other throat irritants. Humidify the air. Adding moisture to the air prevents your mucous membranes from drying out. This can reduce irritation and make it easier to sleep. Hot, dry air will aggravate sore throat. Take a high-potency multivitamin and the herb echinacea to build up your immune system.